- 由Grace Tom姊妹(已退休的註冊護士)撰寫 
- Written by Grace Tom (Retired RN)
文章使用中英對照 Article is in both Chinese & English
什麼是支氣管炎及肺炎 ?
支氣管炎-起因
- 吸入含有化學刺激物體的空氣-氣體如煤氣及其他染污的空氣
- 曾沒有治好的嚴重感冒可會導致支氣管炎
症狀
- 咳嗽時有黃綠色的濃痰
- 由於頻頻咳嗽引致胸骨痛
- 發燒
- 週身疲倦
肺炎起因
- 通常發生在冬天及春天
- 致感染菌-肺炎球菌
- 長期使用壓制免疫藥物, 抗血癌藥及腎上腺皮層藥
症狀
- 發燒(高温度) 華氏104-106 度
- 發高燒可導致發冷顫
- 由於劇烈的胸痛而引致不能深呼吸
- 氣喘
- 脈膊快速
- 呼吸緊速
- 呼吸困難
- 臉部發紅赤熱
- 嚴重時,口脣及指甲決氧氣可變紫藍色
- 不安定
- 嚴重時-神智不清
治療
- 抗生素 -口服或血管注射
- 在牀休息, 如氣速便須要在牀坐起來
- 有須要時, 要用氧氣,可幫助呼吸通順
- 有痛時服止痛藥, 有咳可服止咳藥, 有高體温服降體温藥及舒緩肌肉痛
- 飲大量流質可保持有足夠的水份及可鬆化痰液
- 營養-提供進食易消化食物
What is Bronchitis and Pneumonia?
Bronchitis- causes
- Inhalation of air and chemical irritants-like gas, or other air contaminants
- Has severe flu not treated, may lead to bronchitis
Signs and symptoms
- Cough with purulent sputum
- Sternal soreness from frequent cough
- Fever
- General malaise
Pneumonia-causes
- Most prevalent during winter and spring
- Infective agent-Pneumococci
- Prolonged use of immune-suppressive drugs, anti-leukemic drugs and corticosteroids
Signs and symptoms
- Fever( High temperature ) 104 to 106 degrees F
- High fever can lead to chills and rigor
- Sharp pain in the chest prevent one from taking deep breath
- Short of breath
- Rapid pulse
- Rapid respiration
- Dyspnoea
- Flushed face
- Severe stage,cyanotic lips and nails
- Restless
- Delirium(severe stage)
Treatment
- Antibiotics –oral or intravenous
- Bed rest, if dysnoeic, sit up in bed
- Use oxygen when needed to help to breathe better
- Analgesics for pain, anti-tussive medication to alleviate cough, anti-pyretics for elevated temperature and to relieve muscular pain
- Drink plenty of fluid to maintain hydration and to loosen sputum
- Nutrition-soft and easy digestible food is recommended
預防勝於治療 
Prevention is better than cure
