- 由Grace Tom姊妹(已退休的註冊護士)撰寫 
- Written by Grace Tom (Retired RN)
文章使用中英對照 Article is in both Chinese & English
若不及時處理糖尿病有以下的急性併發症
短期性併發症
1. 高血糖 - 糖尿病昏迷酮酸中毒
病徵及症狀
- 起因 – 逐漸發生
- 皮膚 – 紅潤及乾燥
- 表現 – 昏昏欲睡, 若果不立刻醫治, 昏迷可致死亡
- 口氣 – 水果氣味
- 作悶及嘔吐 – 有
- 舌頭 – 乾涸
- 饑餓 – 沒有
- 口渴 – 有
- 痛症 – 腹痛
- 呼吸 – 吃力並急速
- 血糖度數很高, 高過300mg/dl 或以上
高血糖的處理
- 若血糖高過300mg/dl, 及有以上高血糖症狀應立刻致電您的醫生要求指示。
- 若您忘記服食糖尿藥或注射胰島素, 應立刻服藥或注射胰島素。
- 若發現糖尿病人昏睡或昏迷, 須要立刻召電911求助。
2.低血糖 - 胰島素反應
病徵及症狀
- 起因 – 突然
- 皮膚 – 蒼白及出冷汗
- 口氣 – 正常
- 作悶及嘔吐 – 沒有
- 舌頭 – 濕潤
- 饑餓 – 有
- 口渴 – 沒有
- 痛症 – 頭痛
- 呼吸 – 正常至到急速/微
- 血糖度數很低, 低過70mg/dl 或以下
- 有些人或有血糖70-110mg/dl 都會感覺有低血糖反應。
低血糖的處理
- 若檢到有血糖低過70mg/dl, 及有一或兩個以上低血糖症狀, 若病人還可講話及行走, 應立刻吃食物,或飲四安士果汁,或服食三粒糖丸同一杯清水一起飲。
- 但是若病人是昏睡便不可硬要她/他飲食, 這是很危險的。若病人昏迷, 應立刻召電911, 這是急症, 應送病人到急症室求緊急處理。
糖尿病人經突發低/高血糖的處理後,可以很快便回復正常的運作。
Acute Complications of Diabetes if not treated promptly
Short term complications
1. Hyperglycemia – Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Signs and symptoms
- Cause – slow onset
- Skin – flush and dehydrated
- Presentation – drowsy and sleepy, unconscious can lead to death if not treated immediately
- Breath – fruity smell
- Nausea and vomiting – Yes
- Tongue – dry
- Hunger – no
- Thirst – Yes
- Pain – abdominal pain
- Respiration – deep and fast
- Blood glucose level very high, over 300mg/dl or higher
Treatment of Hyperglycemia
- If blood sugar has gone up to 300mg/dl and has above symptoms, should call your doctor immediately for advice.
- If you forget to take your diabetic medicine, either take your pills or injection of insulin right away.
- If find diabetic patient drowsy or unconscious, should call 911 right away for help.
2. Hypoglycemia – Insulin reaction
Signs and symptoms
- Cause – sudden
- Skin – pale and diaphoretic
- Breath – normal
- Nausea and vomiting – No
- Tongue – moist
- Hunger – Yes
- Thirst – Yes
- Pain – headache
- Respiration – normal to rapid/shallow
- Blood glucose level very low, below 70mg/dl or lower.
- Some people may have blood glucose 70-110mg/dl and will still experience low blood sugar reaction
Treatment of hypoglycemia
- If tested and has blood sugar lower than 70mg/dl and has one or two of the above hypoglycemic symptoms, if the patient still can talk and walk, eat some food right away, or drink 4 ozs of fruit juice, or take 3 sugar tablets with a glass of water.
- But if the patient is drowsy, do not force the patient to drink or eat, this is very dangerous. If the patient is unconscious, call 911 immediately, this is medical emergency, and the patient should be taken to Emergency Room for urgent treatment.
After treatment of acute hyper/hypoglycemic treatment the diabetic patient will quickly resume his/her usual activity.
預防勝於治療 
Prevention is better than cure
